CVE-2025-9780
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability is a remote buffer overflow in TOTOLINK A702R routers affecting the formIpQoS function. Attackers can exploit it remotely by manipulating MAC address arguments, potentially leading to arbitrary code execution. Only TOTOLINK A702R routers with specific firmware versions are affected.
💻 Affected Systems
- TOTOLINK A702R
📦 What is this software?
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Remote attackers can execute arbitrary code with router privileges, potentially taking full control of the device, intercepting network traffic, or using it as a foothold for further attacks.
Likely Case
Remote code execution leading to device compromise, enabling attackers to modify router settings, intercept traffic, or deploy malware.
If Mitigated
If properly segmented and firewalled, impact is limited to the router itself, though it could still be used for traffic interception or as a pivot point.
🎯 Exploit Status
Proof-of-concept exploit code is publicly available on GitHub. The vulnerability requires no authentication and has straightforward exploitation.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Unknown
Vendor Advisory: None known
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Check TOTOLINK website for firmware updates. 2. Download latest firmware for A702R. 3. Access router web interface. 4. Navigate to firmware upgrade section. 5. Upload and apply new firmware. 6. Reboot router.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Disable Remote Management
allPrevent external access to the router's web interface
Network Segmentation
allIsolate router management interface to trusted network segments only
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Replace affected routers with patched or different models
- Implement strict network access controls to limit exposure of router management interfaces
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check router firmware version via web interface at System Status > Firmware VersionCheck Version:
Check via router web interface; no direct CLI command availableVerify Fix Applied:
Verify firmware version is newer than 4.0.0-B20211108.1423📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual POST requests to /boafrm/formIpQoS with malformed MAC addresses
- Multiple failed login attempts followed by formIpQoS access
Network Indicators:
- Unusual traffic patterns from router IP
- Exploit payloads in HTTP requests to router management interface
SIEM Query:
http.url:*formIpQoS AND (http.method:POST OR http.status_code:500)