CVE-2025-66209
9.9 CRITICAL
📋 TL;DR
CVE-2025-66209 is an authenticated command injection vulnerability in Coolify's Database Backup functionality. It allows users with application/service management permissions to execute arbitrary commands as root on managed servers by injecting malicious database names. This affects all Coolify instances running versions prior to 4.0.0-beta.451.
💻 Affected Systems
Products:
- Coolify
Versions: All versions prior to 4.0.0-beta.451
Operating Systems: Linux
Default Config Vulnerable:
⚠️ Yes
Notes: Requires authenticated user with application/service management permissions. Affects all managed servers where database backups are configured.
📦 What is this software?
Coolify by Coollabs
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⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Full root compromise of all managed servers, allowing complete system takeover, data exfiltration, lateral movement, and persistent backdoor installation.
Likely Case
Privileged authenticated users can execute arbitrary commands on managed servers, potentially compromising databases, stealing credentials, and disrupting services.
If Mitigated
With proper access controls and network segmentation, impact is limited to specific managed servers, but root access still enables significant damage within those systems.
🌐 Internet-Facing: HIGH
🏢 Internal Only: HIGH
🎯 Exploit Status
Public PoC:
⚠️ Yes
Weaponized:
LIKELY
Unauthenticated Exploit:
✅ No
Complexity:
LOW
Exploit requires authenticated access but is straightforward once credentials are obtained. Public proof-of-concept exists in GitHub repository.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: 4.0.0-beta.451
Vendor Advisory: https://github.com/coollabsio/coolify/security/advisories/GHSA-vm5p-43qh-7pmq
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Backup your Coolify configuration and data. 2. Update to version 4.0.0-beta.451 or later using: docker pull coollabsio/coolify:latest. 3. Restart the Coolify container. 4. Verify the update completed successfully.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Disable Database Backup Functionality
linuxTemporarily disable database backup features to prevent exploitation while planning upgrade.
Modify Coolify configuration to remove database backup schedules and disable backup UI elements
Restrict User Permissions
allTemporarily remove application/service management permissions from non-essential users.
Review and modify user roles in Coolify admin interface to limit permissions
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement strict network segmentation to isolate Coolify instances from critical infrastructure
- Enforce multi-factor authentication and audit all user accounts with elevated permissions
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check Coolify version in admin interface or run: docker inspect coolify | grep -i versionCheck Version:
docker inspect coolify | grep -i versionVerify Fix Applied:
Confirm version is 4.0.0-beta.451 or later and test database backup functionality with safe inputs📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual database backup operations with suspicious characters in database names
- Shell command execution from Coolify process with unexpected arguments
Network Indicators:
- Outbound connections from Coolify server to unexpected destinations following backup operations
SIEM Query:
source="coolify" AND (command="*;*" OR command="*|*" OR command="*`*" OR command="*$(*")