CVE-2025-5408
📋 TL;DR
A critical buffer overflow vulnerability in WAVLINK wireless routers allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending specially crafted HTTP POST requests to the login.cgi endpoint. This affects multiple WAVLINK QUANTUM and WL-WN series router models running firmware up to version V1410_240222. Attackers can exploit this without authentication to potentially take full control of affected devices.
💻 Affected Systems
- WAVLINK QUANTUM D2G
- WAVLINK QUANTUM D3G
- WL-WN530G3A
- WL-WN530HG3
- WL-WN532A3
- WL-WN576K1
⚠️ Manual Verification Required
This CVE does not have specific version information in our database, so automatic vulnerability detection cannot determine if your system is affected.
Why? The CVE database entry doesn't specify which versions are vulnerable (no version ranges provided by the vendor/NVD).
🔒 Custom verification scripts are available for registered users. Sign up free to download automated test scripts.
- Review the CVE details at NVD
- Check vendor security advisories for your specific version
- Test if the vulnerability is exploitable in your environment
- Consider updating to the latest version as a precaution
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Remote code execution leading to complete device compromise, credential theft, lateral movement to internal networks, and persistent backdoor installation.
Likely Case
Remote code execution allowing attackers to modify device configuration, intercept network traffic, or use the device as a pivot point for further attacks.
If Mitigated
Limited impact if devices are behind firewalls with strict ingress filtering and network segmentation prevents lateral movement.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploit details are publicly available on GitHub, making weaponization likely. The vulnerability requires no authentication and has a simple exploitation path.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Unknown
Vendor Advisory: None available
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Check WAVLINK website for firmware updates. 2. If update available, download and verify checksum. 3. Access router web interface. 4. Navigate to firmware update section. 5. Upload new firmware file. 6. Wait for reboot and verify version.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Disable Web Management Interface
linuxDisable the web management interface if not needed for administration
Access router CLI via SSH/Telnet
Navigate to web interface settings
Disable HTTP/HTTPS management
Restrict Management Access
allLimit web interface access to specific trusted IP addresses only
Configure firewall rules to allow only specific source IPs to port 80/443
Use router's access control lists if available
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Isolate affected routers in separate VLAN with strict firewall rules
- Implement network monitoring for suspicious HTTP requests to /cgi-bin/login.cgi
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check router firmware version via web interface at System Status or About page. If version is V1410_240222 or earlier, device is vulnerable.Check Version:
curl -s http://router-ip/ | grep -i firmware || ssh admin@router-ip 'cat /etc/version'Verify Fix Applied:
Verify firmware version is newer than V1410_240222. Test with controlled exploit attempt from authorized security testing system.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Multiple failed login attempts with long strings in login_page parameter
- HTTP POST requests to /cgi-bin/login.cgi with unusually large payloads
- Router crash/reboot logs
Network Indicators:
- HTTP POST requests to /cgi-bin/login.cgi with payloads exceeding normal login form size
- Unusual outbound connections from router to external IPs
SIEM Query:
source="router-logs" AND (url="/cgi-bin/login.cgi" AND method="POST" AND (bytes_sent>1000 OR user_agent="curl" OR user_agent="wget"))