CVE-2025-49813
📋 TL;DR
This CVE describes an OS command injection vulnerability in Fortinet FortiADC that allows authenticated attackers with low privileges to execute arbitrary commands via crafted HTTP parameters. The vulnerability affects FortiADC versions 7.2.0 and earlier versions before 7.1.1. Attackers can potentially gain unauthorized code execution on affected systems.
💻 Affected Systems
- Fortinet FortiADC
📦 What is this software?
Fortiadc by Fortinet
Fortiadc by Fortinet
Fortiadc by Fortinet
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Full system compromise leading to data exfiltration, lateral movement within the network, installation of persistent backdoors, and complete loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Likely Case
Unauthorized command execution leading to data theft, system manipulation, and potential privilege escalation to gain administrative control of the FortiADC device.
If Mitigated
Limited impact due to network segmentation, strict access controls, and monitoring that detects anomalous command execution attempts.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires authentication, but low-privilege accounts are sufficient. The vulnerability is in parameter handling that should sanitize OS command special characters.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: FortiADC 7.1.1 and later versions
Vendor Advisory: https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-501
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Backup current configuration. 2. Download the patched firmware version from Fortinet support portal. 3. Upload and install the firmware update via web interface or CLI. 4. Reboot the device after installation. 5. Verify the update was successful.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Restrict Administrative Access
allLimit access to the FortiADC management interface to trusted IP addresses only.
config system interface
edit <interface_name>
set allowaccess https ssh
set trust-ip-1 <trusted_ip>
end
Implement Strong Authentication
allEnforce multi-factor authentication and strong password policies for all administrative accounts.
config system admin
edit <admin_user>
set two-factor disable
set password <strong_password>
end
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement strict network segmentation to isolate FortiADC devices from critical systems
- Enable comprehensive logging and monitoring for command injection attempts and unusual administrative activities
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check FortiADC firmware version via web interface (System > Dashboard) or CLI command: get system statusCheck Version:
get system status | grep VersionVerify Fix Applied:
Verify firmware version is 7.1.1 or later using: get system status | grep Version📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual command execution in system logs
- Multiple failed authentication attempts followed by successful login
- HTTP requests with suspicious parameters containing shell metacharacters
Network Indicators:
- Unusual outbound connections from FortiADC to external IPs
- Anomalous traffic patterns from management interface
SIEM Query:
source="fortiadc" AND (event_type="command_execution" OR http_uri="*;*" OR http_uri="*|*" OR http_uri="*`*" OR http_uri="*$(*" OR http_uri="*&*" OR http_uri="*>" OR http_uri="*<")