CVE-2025-49604
📋 TL;DR
A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Realtek AmebaD devices' WLAN driver defragment function allows attackers to potentially execute arbitrary code or cause denial of service by sending specially crafted fragmented Wi-Fi frames. This affects devices using ameba-arduino-d before version 3.1.9 and ameba-rtos-d before commit c2bfd8216a1cbc19ad2ab5f48f372ecea756d67a. IoT devices and embedded systems using these Realtek Ameba platforms are vulnerable.
💻 Affected Systems
- Realtek AmebaD devices
- Devices using ameba-arduino-d
- Devices using ameba-rtos-d
⚠️ Manual Verification Required
This CVE does not have specific version information in our database, so automatic vulnerability detection cannot determine if your system is affected.
Why? The CVE database entry doesn't specify which versions are vulnerable (no version ranges provided by the vendor/NVD).
🔒 Custom verification scripts are available for registered users. Sign up free to download automated test scripts.
- Review the CVE details at NVD
- Check vendor security advisories for your specific version
- Test if the vulnerability is exploitable in your environment
- Consider updating to the latest version as a precaution
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Remote code execution leading to complete device compromise, lateral movement within network, or persistent backdoor installation.
Likely Case
Denial of service causing device crashes or instability, potentially requiring physical reset.
If Mitigated
Limited impact with proper network segmentation and access controls preventing malicious Wi-Fi frame injection.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires sending specially crafted fragmented Wi-Fi frames to the target device. No public exploit code is currently available.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: ameba-arduino-d 3.1.9, ameba-rtos-d commit c2bfd8216a1cbc19ad2ab5f48f372ecea756d67a or later
Vendor Advisory: https://www.amebaiot.com/en/security-bulletin-cve-2025-49604/
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Update ameba-arduino-d to version 3.1.9 or later. 2. Update ameba-rtos-d to commit c2bfd8216a1cbc19ad2ab5f48f372ecea756d67a or later. 3. Rebuild and redeploy firmware to affected devices. 4. Restart devices after firmware update.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Disable Wi-Fi if not required
allTemporarily disable Wi-Fi functionality on affected devices if wireless connectivity is not essential for operation.
Device-specific configuration command to disable Wi-Fi interface
Network segmentation and filtering
allIsolate affected devices in separate network segments and implement MAC address filtering or Wi-Fi client isolation.
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Segment affected devices on isolated network VLANs with strict firewall rules
- Implement physical access controls to prevent unauthorized devices from joining Wi-Fi networks
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check firmware version: ameba-arduino-d version < 3.1.9 or ameba-rtos-d commit older than c2bfd8216a1cbc19ad2ab5f48f372ecea756d67aCheck Version:
Device-specific command to check firmware version (varies by implementation)Verify Fix Applied:
Confirm firmware version is ameba-arduino-d >= 3.1.9 or ameba-rtos-d commit c2bfd8216a1cbc19ad2ab5f48f372ecea756d67a or newer📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unexpected device reboots
- WLAN driver crash logs
- Memory corruption errors in system logs
Network Indicators:
- Unusual fragmented Wi-Fi frame patterns
- Suspicious MAC addresses attempting connection
SIEM Query:
source="device_logs" AND ("WLAN driver" OR "defragmentation") AND ("crash" OR "overflow" OR "corruption")