CVE-2025-4462
📋 TL;DR
A critical buffer overflow vulnerability in TOTOLINK N150RT routers allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by manipulating the localPin parameter in the /boafrm/formWsc endpoint. This affects all users of the vulnerable firmware version, potentially giving attackers full control of affected devices. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without authentication.
💻 Affected Systems
- TOTOLINK N150RT
📦 What is this software?
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Remote code execution leading to complete device compromise, creation of persistent backdoors, lateral movement to internal networks, and botnet recruitment.
Likely Case
Remote code execution allowing attackers to modify router settings, intercept network traffic, or use the device as a pivot point for further attacks.
If Mitigated
Limited impact if devices are behind firewalls with strict inbound filtering, though internal threats remain if exploited from within the network.
🎯 Exploit Status
Public exploit code is available on GitHub, making exploitation trivial for attackers with basic skills. The vulnerability requires no authentication.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: UNKNOWN
Vendor Advisory: https://www.totolink.net/
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Check TOTOLINK website for firmware updates. 2. Download latest firmware for N150RT. 3. Access router admin interface. 4. Navigate to firmware upgrade section. 5. Upload and apply new firmware. 6. Reboot router after update.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Disable Remote Management
allPrevent external access to router web interface
Network Segmentation
allIsolate router management interface to trusted network segment
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Replace affected devices with supported models from different vendors
- Implement strict network access controls to limit traffic to router management interface
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check router firmware version via admin interface. If version is 3.4.0-B20190525, device is vulnerable.Check Version:
Access router web interface at http://[router-ip] and check System Status or Firmware Version pageVerify Fix Applied:
Verify firmware version has changed from 3.4.0-B20190525 to a newer version after update.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual POST requests to /boafrm/formWsc with long localPin parameters
- Multiple failed login attempts followed by formWsc access
Network Indicators:
- Unusual outbound connections from router to unknown IPs
- Traffic patterns suggesting command and control communication
SIEM Query:
source="router-logs" AND (uri="/boafrm/formWsc" AND (localPin.length>100 OR status=500))