CVE-2025-31104
📋 TL;DR
This OS command injection vulnerability in FortiADC allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary operating system commands via specially crafted HTTP requests. It affects multiple FortiADC versions from 6.1 through 7.6.1, potentially leading to complete system compromise.
💻 Affected Systems
- FortiADC
📦 What is this software?
Fortiadc by Fortinet
Fortiadc by Fortinet
Fortiadc by Fortinet
Fortiadc by Fortinet
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Full system compromise with attacker gaining root privileges, installing persistent backdoors, pivoting to internal networks, and exfiltrating sensitive data.
Likely Case
Unauthorized command execution leading to configuration changes, data theft, or deployment of cryptocurrency miners on affected systems.
If Mitigated
Limited impact due to network segmentation, strong authentication controls, and restricted user permissions preventing successful exploitation.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires valid credentials but is technically straightforward once authenticated.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: 7.6.2, 7.4.7, 7.2.8, 7.1.5, and later versions
Vendor Advisory: https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-099
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Download appropriate firmware version from Fortinet support portal. 2. Backup current configuration. 3. Upload and install firmware update via web interface or CLI. 4. Reboot system after installation completes.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Restrict Administrative Access
allLimit access to FortiADC management interface to trusted IP addresses only
config system interface
edit <interface_name>
set allowaccess https ssh
set trust-ip-1 <trusted_ip>
end
Implement Strong Authentication
allEnforce multi-factor authentication and complex passwords for all administrative accounts
config system admin
edit <admin_user>
set password <complex_password>
set two-factor enable
end
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement strict network segmentation to isolate FortiADC from critical systems
- Enable comprehensive logging and monitoring for suspicious command execution patterns
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check FortiADC version via web interface (System > Dashboard) or CLI command: get system statusCheck Version:
get system status | grep VersionVerify Fix Applied:
Verify firmware version is 7.6.2, 7.4.7, 7.2.8, 7.1.5 or later after patching📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual command execution in system logs
- Multiple failed authentication attempts followed by successful login
- HTTP requests with suspicious parameters containing shell metacharacters
Network Indicators:
- Unusual outbound connections from FortiADC to external IPs
- Traffic patterns inconsistent with normal load balancing operations
SIEM Query:
source="fortiadc" AND (event_type="command_execution" OR http_uri="*;*" OR http_uri="*|*" OR http_uri="*`*")