CVE-2025-15178
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability in Tenda WH450 routers allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a stack-based buffer overflow in the HTTP request handler. Attackers can exploit this by sending specially crafted requests to the /goform/VirtualSer endpoint. All users running the affected firmware version are at risk.
💻 Affected Systems
- Tenda WH450
📦 What is this software?
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Complete device compromise leading to persistent remote access, network traffic interception, and lateral movement to other devices on the network.
Likely Case
Remote code execution allowing attackers to install malware, create backdoors, or use the device as part of a botnet.
If Mitigated
Denial of service or temporary disruption if exploit fails or protections like ASLR are effective.
🎯 Exploit Status
Public proof-of-concept code exists and exploitation appears straightforward based on available documentation.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Unknown
Vendor Advisory: Not available
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Check Tenda's official website for firmware updates. 2. Download the latest firmware for WH450. 3. Log into router admin interface. 4. Navigate to System Tools > Firmware Upgrade. 5. Upload and install the new firmware. 6. Reboot the router.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Disable Remote Management
allPrevent external access to the vulnerable web interface
Log into router admin > System Tools > Remote Management > Disable
Network Segmentation
allIsolate the router from critical network segments
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Replace the vulnerable device with a different model or vendor
- Implement strict network access controls to limit exposure to the device
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check firmware version in router admin interface under System Status or System ToolsCheck Version:
curl -s http://router-ip/goform/getStatus | grep versionVerify Fix Applied:
Verify firmware version is no longer 1.0.0.18 after update📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Multiple POST requests to /goform/VirtualSer with long parameter values
- Unusual process creation or system reboots
Network Indicators:
- HTTP requests with unusually long 'page' parameter to router IP
- Traffic patterns suggesting command and control communication
SIEM Query:
source="router_logs" AND uri="/goform/VirtualSer" AND parameter_length>1000🔗 References
- https://github.com/z472421519/BinaryAudit/blob/main/PoC/BOF/Tenda_WH450/VirtualSer/VirtualSer.md
- https://github.com/z472421519/BinaryAudit/blob/main/PoC/BOF/Tenda_WH450/VirtualSer/VirtualSer.md#reproduce
- https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.338563
- https://vuldb.com/?id.338563
- https://vuldb.com/?submit.721217
- https://www.tenda.com.cn/
