CVE-2025-11444
📋 TL;DR
A buffer overflow vulnerability in TOTOLINK N600R routers allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending specially crafted HTTP requests to the setWiFiBasicConfig function. This affects all TOTOLINK N600R routers running firmware version 4.3.0cu.7866_B20220506 or earlier. Attackers can exploit this without authentication to potentially take full control of affected devices.
💻 Affected Systems
- TOTOLINK N600R
📦 What is this software?
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Remote code execution leading to complete device compromise, persistent backdoor installation, network pivoting, and data exfiltration.
Likely Case
Device takeover enabling attackers to modify router settings, intercept network traffic, or use the device as part of a botnet.
If Mitigated
Denial of service or temporary disruption if exploit fails or is blocked by network controls.
🎯 Exploit Status
Public proof-of-concept code is available, making exploitation straightforward for attackers with basic skills.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Unknown
Vendor Advisory: Not available
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Check TOTOLINK website for firmware updates. 2. Download latest firmware for N600R. 3. Access router web interface. 4. Navigate to firmware upgrade section. 5. Upload and apply new firmware. 6. Reboot router after update.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Block External HTTP Access
linuxPrevent external access to router web interface using firewall rules
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP
Disable Remote Management
allTurn off remote administration feature in router settings
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Isolate affected routers in separate network segments with strict firewall rules
- Implement network intrusion detection to monitor for exploit attempts
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check router firmware version via web interface at System Status > Firmware VersionCheck Version:
curl -s http://router-ip/cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi | grep -i versionVerify Fix Applied:
Verify firmware version is newer than 4.3.0cu.7866_B20220506📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual HTTP POST requests to /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi with setWiFiBasicConfig
- Large wepkey parameter values in HTTP requests
- Router crash or reboot logs
Network Indicators:
- HTTP traffic to router on port 80/443 with unusually long parameter values
- Multiple failed exploit attempts from single source
SIEM Query:
source="router_logs" AND uri="/cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi" AND (param="setWiFiBasicConfig" OR param="wepkey")🔗 References
- https://github.com/z472421519/BinaryAudit/blob/main/PoC/BOF/TOTOLINK/wepkey/wepkey.md
- https://github.com/z472421519/BinaryAudit/blob/main/PoC/BOF/TOTOLINK/wepkey/wepkey.md#reproduce
- https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.327381
- https://vuldb.com/?id.327381
- https://vuldb.com/?submit.666915
- https://www.totolink.net/
- https://github.com/z472421519/BinaryAudit/blob/main/PoC/BOF/TOTOLINK/wepkey/wepkey.md
- https://github.com/z472421519/BinaryAudit/blob/main/PoC/BOF/TOTOLINK/wepkey/wepkey.md#reproduce
