CVE-2025-64097
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability in NervesHub allows attackers to brute-force user API tokens due to their predictable format, potentially granting unauthorized access to user accounts and API actions. It affects all NervesHub deployments from version 1.0.0 up to (but not including) 2.3.0. The vulnerability stems from tokens containing user-identifiable components and lacking cryptographic security.
💻 Affected Systems
- NervesHub
📦 What is this software?
Nerveshub by Nerves Hub
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Attackers gain administrative access to the NervesHub system, allowing them to push malicious firmware updates to all connected devices, potentially compromising entire IoT fleets.
Likely Case
Attackers gain access to individual user accounts, allowing them to view/manage devices, access sensitive data, or perform unauthorized API actions.
If Mitigated
With proper network segmentation and access controls, impact is limited to the NervesHub service itself without lateral movement to other systems.
🎯 Exploit Status
Token enumeration/brute-forcing is straightforward due to predictable token formats. No authentication required to attempt exploitation.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: 2.3.0
Vendor Advisory: https://github.com/nerves-hub/nerves_hub_web/security/advisories/GHSA-m9vj-776q-vc8m
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Backup your NervesHub database and configuration. 2. Update to version 2.3.0 or later using your package manager or deployment method. 3. Restart the NervesHub service. 4. All existing tokens will be invalidated and users will need to generate new ones.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Network Access Restriction
linuxLimit access to NervesHub server using firewall rules to only trusted IP addresses/networks.
# Example iptables rule: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -s TRUSTED_IP_RANGE -j ACCEPT
# Example iptables rule: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement strict network segmentation and firewall rules to limit access to NervesHub only from trusted networks.
- Monitor authentication logs for unusual token usage patterns and implement rate limiting at network/application level.
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check NervesHub version: if running version >=1.0.0 and <2.3.0, you are vulnerable.Check Version:
Check your deployment method (e.g., `mix nerves_hub.version` for Elixir deployments or check Docker image tags)Verify Fix Applied:
Verify version is 2.3.0 or later and check that new tokens are cryptographically random (not containing user-identifiable patterns).📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Multiple failed authentication attempts with different tokens
- Unusual token patterns in authentication logs
- Authentication from unexpected IP addresses
Network Indicators:
- High volume of authentication requests to NervesHub API endpoints
- Traffic patterns suggesting token enumeration
SIEM Query:
source="nerveshub" (event="auth_failure" AND token="*user_identifiable_pattern*") | stats count by src_ip