CVE-2025-60424
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability allows attackers to bypass two-factor authentication in Nagios Fusion by brute-forcing OTP codes due to insufficient rate limiting. Attackers can gain unauthorized access to administrative interfaces. Organizations running affected Nagios Fusion versions are at risk.
💻 Affected Systems
- Nagios Fusion
📦 What is this software?
Fusion by Nagios
Fusion by Nagios
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Complete system compromise allowing attackers to gain administrative access, modify monitoring configurations, disable alerts, and potentially pivot to other systems.
Likely Case
Unauthorized access to Nagios Fusion interface leading to monitoring data exposure, alert manipulation, and potential privilege escalation within the monitoring infrastructure.
If Mitigated
Limited impact with proper network segmentation and monitoring, though authentication bypass remains possible if systems are exposed.
🎯 Exploit Status
Public proof-of-concept code is available on GitHub. Exploitation requires only network access to the OTP verification endpoint and basic scripting capabilities.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Check Nagios Fusion changelog for latest version
Vendor Advisory: https://www.nagios.com/changelog/#fusion
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Backup current configuration. 2. Download latest Nagios Fusion version from official Nagios website. 3. Follow Nagios Fusion upgrade documentation. 4. Restart Nagios Fusion services. 5. Verify OTP rate limiting is enabled.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Implement Web Application Firewall Rules
linuxConfigure WAF to rate limit requests to OTP verification endpoints
# Example for mod_security: SecRule REQUEST_URI "@contains /otp-verify" "phase:1,id:1001,block,msg:'OTP brute force attempt',chain"
SecRule &REQUEST_HEADERS:User-Agent "@gt 10" "t:none,setvar:ip.otp_counter=+1,expirevar:ip.otp_counter=60"
Network Access Control
linuxRestrict access to Nagios Fusion OTP endpoints to trusted IP ranges only
# Example iptables rule: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -s 192.168.1.0/24 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement network segmentation to isolate Nagios Fusion from untrusted networks
- Enable detailed logging for OTP verification attempts and monitor for brute force patterns
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Test if OTP endpoint accepts unlimited requests by sending multiple OTP attempts and observing if rate limiting triggersCheck Version:
grep 'version' /usr/local/nagiosfusion/html/includes/config.inc.php 2>/dev/null || cat /usr/local/nagiosfusion/version.txtVerify Fix Applied:
After patching, attempt multiple failed OTP verifications and verify that requests are blocked or delayed after threshold📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Multiple failed OTP verification attempts from single IP
- Unusual OTP success patterns
- Rapid sequential requests to OTP endpoints
Network Indicators:
- High volume of requests to /otp-verify endpoints
- Patterned OTP code submission attempts
SIEM Query:
source="nagios_fusion.log" AND (uri_path="/otp-verify" OR uri_path="/api/otp") | stats count by src_ip | where count > 10