CVE-2025-60003
📋 TL;DR
A buffer over-read vulnerability in Juniper's routing protocol daemon (rpd) allows unauthenticated attackers to cause denial-of-service by sending specially crafted BGP updates. The vulnerability affects Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved when BGP sessions involve non-4-byte-AS capable peers. Network administrators running affected Juniper devices with BGP configurations are at risk.
💻 Affected Systems
- Juniper Networks Junos OS
- Juniper Networks Junos OS Evolved
📦 What is this software?
Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →Junos by Juniper
Junos OS is Juniper Networks' flagship network operating system running on enterprise routers, switches, security appliances, and data center infrastructure worldwide. Deployed across telecommunications providers, ISPs, cloud service providers, financial institutions, and large enterprises, Junos po...
Learn more about Junos →⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Critical network infrastructure becomes unavailable due to repeated rpd crashes, causing widespread routing instability and service disruption across the network.
Likely Case
Targeted BGP sessions cause rpd to crash and restart, leading to temporary routing flaps and connectivity issues until the process recovers.
If Mitigated
With proper network segmentation and BGP session controls, impact is limited to specific routing domains with minimal service disruption.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires sending BGP updates with specific optional transitive attributes to established BGP sessions with non-4-byte-AS capable peers. Attackers need network access to BGP sessions.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Junos OS: 22.4R3-S8, 23.2R2-S5, 23.4R2-S6, 24.2R2-S2, 24.4R2 or later. Junos OS Evolved: 22.4R3-S8-EVO, 23.2R2-S5-EVO, 23.4R2-S6-EVO, 24.2R2-S2-EVO, 24.4R2-EVO or later.
Vendor Advisory: https://kb.juniper.net/JSA103166
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Download appropriate patch from Juniper support portal. 2. Backup current configuration. 3. Apply patch using 'request system software add' command. 4. Reboot device to activate new version. 5. Verify patch installation with 'show version'.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Enable 4-byte-AS support on all BGP sessions
allEnsure all BGP peers are configured as 4-byte-AS capable to prevent exploitation
configure
set protocols bgp group <group-name> neighbor <ip-address> family inet unicast as-override
commit
Remove disable-4byte-as configuration
allRemove any explicit disable-4byte-as configuration from BGP protocols
configure
delete protocols bgp <group-name> disable-4byte-as
commit
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement BGP session filtering to restrict which peers can send updates
- Use BGP route reflectors or route servers to isolate vulnerable devices from direct peer attacks
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check BGP session capabilities with: show bgp neighbor <IP address> | match '4 byte AS'. If output shows '4 byte AS: Disabled' or missing 4-byte-AS capability, device may be vulnerable.Check Version:
show version | match 'Junos:'Verify Fix Applied:
Verify patch installation with: show version | match 'Junos:' and compare with patched versions. Also verify BGP sessions are stable and rpd process is not crashing.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- rpd crash messages in system logs
- BGP session flaps
- Routing protocol daemon restart events
Network Indicators:
- Unusual BGP update patterns
- BGP sessions resetting unexpectedly
- Increased BGP update traffic to specific peers
SIEM Query:
source="junos" AND ("rpd" AND (crash OR restart)) OR ("BGP" AND (flap OR reset))