CVE-2025-59840
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability allows arbitrary JavaScript code execution in Vega visualization applications when two specific conditions are met: the application attaches Vega library and View instances to the global window object, and it accepts user-defined Vega JSON definitions. Applications that use Vega for rendering visualizations from untrusted user input are affected.
💻 Affected Systems
- Vega
- Vega Expression
- Vega Interpreter
⚠️ Manual Verification Required
This CVE does not have specific version information in our database, so automatic vulnerability detection cannot determine if your system is affected.
Why? The CVE database entry doesn't specify which versions are vulnerable (no version ranges provided by the vendor/NVD).
🔒 Custom verification scripts are available for registered users. Sign up free to download automated test scripts.
- Review the CVE details at NVD
- Check vendor security advisories for your specific version
- Test if the vulnerability is exploitable in your environment
- Consider updating to the latest version as a precaution
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Complete compromise of the web application allowing attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the vulnerable application, potentially leading to data theft, session hijacking, or further system compromise.
Likely Case
Cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks where attackers can inject malicious JavaScript through Vega JSON definitions, compromising user sessions and stealing sensitive data.
If Mitigated
No impact if applications don't attach Vega to global window and only use trusted JSON definitions.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires the specific vulnerable configuration but is straightforward once conditions are met.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Vega 6.2.0, Vega Expression 6.1.0/5.2.1, Vega Interpreter 2.2.1/1.2.1
Vendor Advisory: https://github.com/vega/vega/security/advisories/GHSA-7f2v-3qq3-vvjf
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Identify your Vega version line (6.x or older). 2. For Vega 6.x: Update to vega@6.2.0, vega-expression@6.1.0, and vega-interpreter@2.2.1 (if using AST evaluator). 3. For non-ESM environments: Update to vega-expression@5.2.1 and vega-interpreter@1.2.1 (if using AST evaluator). 4. Restart your application.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Remove Global Attachment
allDo not attach Vega library or View instances to global window variables
Remove any code that attaches vega or vega.View to window object
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Restrict Vega JSON definitions to trusted sources only (no user input)
- Implement strict content security policies (CSP) to limit script execution
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check if your application attaches vega or vega.View to window object AND accepts user-defined Vega JSON definitionsCheck Version:
npm list vega vega-expression vega-interpreterVerify Fix Applied:
Verify package.json shows vega@6.2.0+, vega-expression@6.1.0+/5.2.1+, and vega-interpreter@2.2.1+/1.2.1+ as appropriate📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual Vega JSON parsing errors
- JavaScript execution errors from Vega context
Network Indicators:
- Malformed Vega JSON payloads in requests
- Unexpected external script loads
SIEM Query:
Search for Vega-related errors or suspicious JSON payloads containing script tags or JavaScript code