CVE-2025-59454
📋 TL;DR
This CVE describes an information disclosure vulnerability in Apache CloudStack where authorized users could occasionally access data beyond their intended permissions through specific APIs. The vulnerability affects CloudStack deployments where users have access to the affected APIs but insufficient permission validation allows them to see information they shouldn't.
💻 Affected Systems
- Apache CloudStack
📦 What is this software?
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Privileged users could access sensitive configuration data, network ACLs, or usage history of other tenants, potentially leading to lateral movement or data exfiltration.
Likely Case
Authorized users inadvertently or intentionally viewing limited information about other users' resources or configurations.
If Mitigated
Minimal impact with proper network segmentation and least-privilege access controls already in place.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires valid user credentials and access to the affected APIs. The vulnerability is in permission validation logic.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: 4.20.2.0 or 4.22.0.0
Vendor Advisory: https://lists.apache.org/thread/0hlklvlwhzsfw39nocmyxb6svjbs9xbc
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Backup your CloudStack configuration and database. 2. Download the patched version from Apache CloudStack website. 3. Follow the official upgrade guide for your version. 4. Restart CloudStack management server and affected services. 5. Verify the upgrade was successful.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
API Access Restriction
linuxTemporarily restrict access to the affected APIs using network controls or API gateways.
# Use firewall rules to restrict access to CloudStack API endpoints
# Example: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -s trusted_networks -j ACCEPT
# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j DROP
Enhanced Monitoring
allImplement detailed logging and monitoring for the affected API calls to detect abuse.
# Enable debug logging in CloudStack
# Edit /etc/cloudstack/management/log4j-cloud.xml
# Set log level to DEBUG for org.apache.cloudstack.api
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement strict network segmentation to isolate CloudStack management interface
- Apply principle of least privilege and review all user permissions regularly
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check CloudStack version via management UI or API. Versions before 4.20.2.0 or 4.22.0.0 are vulnerable.Check Version:
cloudstack-setup-databases --version 2>/dev/null || grep version /usr/share/cloudstack-management/versionVerify Fix Applied:
After upgrade, verify version is 4.20.2.0 or 4.22.0.0 and test that users cannot access unauthorized data through the affected APIs.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual API calls to createNetworkACL, listNetworkACLs, listResourceDetails, listVirtualMachinesUsageHistory, listVolumesUsageHistory from unexpected users
- Multiple failed permission checks in CloudStack logs
Network Indicators:
- Unusual patterns of API requests to CloudStack management interface
- High volume of requests to the affected endpoints
SIEM Query:
source="cloudstack" AND (api_call="createNetworkACL" OR api_call="listNetworkACLs" OR api_call="listResourceDetails" OR api_call="listVirtualMachinesUsageHistory" OR api_call="listVolumesUsageHistory") | stats count by user, src_ip