CVE-2025-56764
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability allows attackers to enumerate valid usernames on Trivision NC-227WF devices by exploiting inconsistent error messages during login attempts. It affects users of the specified firmware version, potentially leading to targeted brute-force attacks. The issue stems from a design flaw in the authentication mechanism.
💻 Affected Systems
- Trivision NC-227WF
📦 What is this software?
Trivision Nc 227wf Firmware by Trivisionsecurity
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Attackers could identify valid usernames and conduct password brute-force attacks, potentially gaining unauthorized access to the device and compromising network security.
Likely Case
Attackers enumerate usernames to facilitate credential stuffing or targeted attacks, increasing the risk of unauthorized access over time.
If Mitigated
With proper controls like rate-limiting and monitoring, impact is reduced to minor reconnaissance with limited access risk.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation is straightforward using scripts to analyze login error messages; public proof-of-concept code is available in GitHub references.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Not specified
Vendor Advisory: Not available
Restart Required: No
Instructions:
Check vendor website for firmware updates; if unavailable, apply workarounds or consider device replacement.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Implement consistent error messages
allModify the login mechanism to return generic error messages (e.g., 'Invalid credentials') for all failed attempts, preventing username enumeration.
Not applicable; requires firmware modification or configuration changes if supported.
Enable rate-limiting and logging
allConfigure the device to limit login attempts and log failed attempts for monitoring and alerting.
Check device admin interface for rate-limiting and logging settings; enable as available.
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Isolate the device on a segmented network to limit access to trusted users only.
- Monitor network traffic for unusual login patterns and implement intrusion detection systems.
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Attempt login with a non-existent username and observe if error message differs from a wrong password attempt; use scripts from GitHub references for automated testing.Check Version:
Check device web interface or CLI for firmware version; typically accessible via admin panel or 'show version' command.Verify Fix Applied:
After applying fixes, test login attempts to confirm consistent error messages and no username leakage.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Multiple failed login attempts with varying usernames, especially 'Unknown user' errors.
Network Indicators:
- Unusual spikes in authentication requests to the device's login endpoint.
SIEM Query:
source="device_logs" AND (message="Unknown user" OR message="Wrong password") | stats count by src_ip, username