CVE-2025-53927
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability allows attackers to bypass sandbox restrictions in MaxKB by copying malicious files to executable directories using Python's shutil.copy2 method. This could lead to remote code execution and reverse shell attacks. Organizations using MaxKB versions before 2.0.0 are affected.
💻 Affected Systems
- MaxKB
📦 What is this software?
Maxkb by Maxkb
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Full system compromise through reverse shell, allowing attacker to execute arbitrary commands, access sensitive data, and pivot to other systems.
Likely Case
Limited remote code execution within the MaxKB application context, potentially accessing AI models, enterprise data, and system resources.
If Mitigated
Attack contained to sandbox environment with no impact on underlying system or other applications.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires some level of access to the MaxKB interface, but the bypass technique is straightforward once initial access is obtained.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: 2.0.0
Vendor Advisory: https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/security/advisories/GHSA-5xhm-4j3v-87m4
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Backup your MaxKB configuration and data. 2. Stop the MaxKB service. 3. Upgrade to version 2.0.0 using your package manager or from GitHub releases. 4. Restart the MaxKB service. 5. Verify the upgrade was successful.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Restrict file copy operations
linuxImplement additional file system restrictions to prevent shutil.copy2 operations within the MaxKB environment
# Use AppArmor/SELinux policies to restrict file operations
# Example: Create custom policy for MaxKB process
Network segmentation
linuxIsolate MaxKB instances from critical systems and restrict outbound network connections
# Use firewall rules to restrict MaxKB network access
iptables -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j DROP # Example block outbound HTTPS
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement strict network segmentation to isolate MaxKB instances from sensitive systems
- Deploy additional monitoring and file integrity checking on MaxKB directories
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check MaxKB version - if version is less than 2.0.0, the system is vulnerableCheck Version:
Check MaxKB web interface settings or run: grep -i version /path/to/maxkb/config/filesVerify Fix Applied:
Verify MaxKB version is 2.0.0 or higher and test that file copy operations to executable directories are properly restricted📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual file copy operations in MaxKB logs
- shutil.copy2 calls in Python logs
- Unexpected process execution from MaxKB directories
Network Indicators:
- Outbound connections from MaxKB to unknown IPs
- Reverse shell patterns in network traffic
SIEM Query:
source="maxkb" AND ("shutil.copy2" OR "file copy" OR "executable directory")