CVE-2025-52586
📋 TL;DR
This CVE describes a cleartext transmission vulnerability in MOD3 command traffic between monitoring applications and inverters. Attackers on the local network can intercept, manipulate, or forge critical inverter control commands, potentially disrupting power generation or reconfiguring settings. This affects systems using EG4 Electronics Wi-Fi dongles with vulnerable firmware.
💻 Affected Systems
- EG4 Electronics Wi-Fi Dongle
⚠️ Manual Verification Required
This CVE does not have specific version information in our database, so automatic vulnerability detection cannot determine if your system is affected.
Why? The CVE database entry doesn't specify which versions are vulnerable (no version ranges provided by the vendor/NVD).
🔒 Custom verification scripts are available for registered users. Sign up free to download automated test scripts.
- Review the CVE details at NVD
- Check vendor security advisories for your specific version
- Test if the vulnerability is exploitable in your environment
- Consider updating to the latest version as a precaution
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Complete inverter takeover allowing attackers to shut down power generation, reconfigure voltage/current settings causing equipment damage, or trigger false alarms that disrupt operations.
Likely Case
Data interception revealing operational patterns and configurations, or manipulation of telemetry data to create false operational status reports.
If Mitigated
Limited to network reconnaissance if proper segmentation and monitoring are implemented, with no actual command execution.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires network access to intercept MOD3 traffic but no authentication. Attackers need understanding of MOD3 protocol structure.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Firmware update released September 2025
Vendor Advisory: https://eg4electronics.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/EG4-Wi-Fi-Dongle-Dongle-Firmware-Update.pdf
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Download firmware update from EG4 Electronics website. 2. Connect to Wi-Fi dongle via management interface. 3. Upload and apply firmware update. 4. Restart the dongle to complete installation.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Network Segmentation
allIsolate inverter communication network from general corporate/IT networks
VPN Tunnel Implementation
allEncapsulate MOD3 traffic within encrypted VPN tunnels between monitoring systems and inverters
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement strict network access controls to limit who can communicate with inverter systems
- Deploy network monitoring to detect unusual MOD3 traffic patterns or unauthorized access attempts
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check firmware version on EG4 Wi-Fi dongle. If version predates September 2025 update, system is vulnerable.Check Version:
Connect to dongle management interface and check firmware version in system informationVerify Fix Applied:
Verify firmware version shows post-September 2025 update. Test MOD3 traffic with packet capture to confirm encryption is now implemented.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unauthorized access attempts to inverter management interfaces
- Unexpected configuration changes in inverter settings
Network Indicators:
- Unencrypted MOD3 protocol traffic on network
- MOD3 traffic from unexpected source IPs
- Abnormal frequency of MOD3 commands
SIEM Query:
source="network_traffic" protocol="MOD3" AND (NOT encrypted=true) OR source_ip NOT IN [authorized_monitoring_ips]