CVE-2025-41702
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability allows unauthenticated remote attackers to generate valid JWT tokens using a hard-coded secret key embedded in the egOS WebGUI backend. Attackers can bypass authentication and authorization controls entirely. All systems running vulnerable versions of egOS with the WebGUI enabled are affected.
💻 Affected Systems
- egOS WebGUI
⚠️ Manual Verification Required
This CVE does not have specific version information in our database, so automatic vulnerability detection cannot determine if your system is affected.
Why? The CVE database entry doesn't specify which versions are vulnerable (no version ranges provided by the vendor/NVD).
🔒 Custom verification scripts are available for registered users. Sign up free to download automated test scripts.
- Review the CVE details at NVD
- Check vendor security advisories for your specific version
- Test if the vulnerability is exploitable in your environment
- Consider updating to the latest version as a precaution
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Complete system compromise: attackers gain administrative access, exfiltrate sensitive data, deploy ransomware, or pivot to other systems.
Likely Case
Unauthorized access to administrative functions, data theft, and privilege escalation within the affected system.
If Mitigated
Limited impact if network segmentation restricts access, but authentication bypass remains possible for authorized users.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires only knowledge of the hard-coded secret and basic JWT manipulation. No authentication needed.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Check vendor advisory for specific patched version
Vendor Advisory: https://certvde.com/de/advisories/VDE-2025-076
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Check the vendor advisory for the patched version. 2. Apply the official patch from the vendor. 3. Restart the egOS WebGUI service. 4. Regenerate all JWT tokens with a new secure secret.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Network Access Restriction
linuxRestrict network access to the WebGUI backend using firewall rules to only allow trusted IP addresses.
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport [WEBGUI_PORT] -s [TRUSTED_IP] -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport [WEBGUI_PORT] -j DROP
Disable WebGUI if Not Needed
linuxTemporarily disable the WebGUI interface if it's not required for operations.
systemctl stop [WEBGUI_SERVICE_NAME]
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement strict network segmentation to isolate the vulnerable system from untrusted networks.
- Deploy a web application firewall (WAF) with JWT validation rules to block malicious tokens.
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check if the JWT secret in the WebGUI backend configuration files is hard-coded and not randomly generated. Review source code or configuration for embedded secrets.Check Version:
Check the egOS version using the vendor's provided command, typically via CLI or system info panel.Verify Fix Applied:
Verify that the JWT secret has been changed to a secure, randomly generated value and is no longer embedded in the software. Test authentication with old tokens to ensure they are rejected.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual authentication attempts from unexpected IP addresses
- Multiple failed login attempts followed by successful access with JWT tokens
- Log entries showing JWT token generation or validation errors
Network Indicators:
- Incoming requests to WebGUI endpoints with manipulated JWT headers
- Traffic patterns indicating authentication bypass attempts
SIEM Query:
source="webgui_logs" AND (event="authentication_success" AND user="unknown" OR jwt_token_validation="failed")