CVE-2025-41450
📋 TL;DR
This CVE describes an improper authentication vulnerability in Danfoss AK-SM 8xxA Series building automation controllers. Attackers can bypass authentication mechanisms to gain unauthorized access to device functions. Organizations using these controllers prior to version 4.2 are affected.
💻 Affected Systems
- Danfoss AK-SM 8xxA Series
⚠️ Manual Verification Required
This CVE does not have specific version information in our database, so automatic vulnerability detection cannot determine if your system is affected.
Why? The CVE database entry doesn't specify which versions are vulnerable (no version ranges provided by the vendor/NVD).
🔒 Custom verification scripts are available for registered users. Sign up free to download automated test scripts.
- Review the CVE details at NVD
- Check vendor security advisories for your specific version
- Test if the vulnerability is exploitable in your environment
- Consider updating to the latest version as a precaution
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Complete compromise of building automation systems allowing attackers to manipulate HVAC, lighting, or other critical building controls, potentially causing physical damage or safety hazards.
Likely Case
Unauthorized access to building management systems enabling surveillance, data theft, or disruption of building operations.
If Mitigated
Limited impact if devices are isolated on separate networks with strict access controls and monitoring.
🎯 Exploit Status
Authentication bypass vulnerabilities typically have low exploitation complexity once the method is understood.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Version 4.2 or later
Vendor Advisory: https://www.danfoss.com/en/service-and-support/coordinated-vulnerability-disclosure/danfoss-security-advisories/dsa-2025-03-01/
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Download firmware version 4.2 or later from Danfoss support portal. 2. Backup current configuration. 3. Upload new firmware via web interface or management tool. 4. Reboot device. 5. Verify firmware version and functionality.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Network Segmentation
allIsolate building automation controllers on separate VLANs with strict firewall rules.
Access Control Lists
allImplement IP-based access restrictions to limit which systems can communicate with the controllers.
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement strict network segmentation to isolate controllers from general network traffic
- Deploy network monitoring and intrusion detection specifically for building automation protocols
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check firmware version via web interface or management console. If version is below 4.2, device is vulnerable.Check Version:
Check via web interface at http://[device-ip]/status or using Danfoss management toolsVerify Fix Applied:
Confirm firmware version is 4.2 or higher and test authentication mechanisms.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Failed authentication attempts followed by successful access
- Unusual access patterns to controller interfaces
- Configuration changes from unexpected sources
Network Indicators:
- Unusual traffic to building automation controllers
- Authentication bypass attempts
- Protocol anomalies in BACnet/IP or other building automation protocols
SIEM Query:
source="building-automation-controller" AND (event_type="auth_failure" OR event_type="config_change")