CVE-2025-41054
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts into appRain CMF that execute when other users view affected pages. It affects organizations using appRain CMF version 4.0.5 for content management. The stored XSS can lead to session hijacking, data theft, or further system compromise.
💻 Affected Systems
- appRain CMF
📦 What is this software?
Apprain by Apprain
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Attackers could steal administrator credentials, compromise user accounts, deface websites, or pivot to internal network attacks through client-side exploitation.
Likely Case
Attackers with authenticated access inject malicious scripts that steal session cookies or credentials from other users viewing the affected addon management pages.
If Mitigated
With proper input validation and output encoding, malicious scripts are neutralized before execution, preventing client-side attacks.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires authenticated access to the vulnerable endpoint. Attackers need to craft malicious payloads for the 'data[Addon][layouts]' and 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' parameters.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Version after 4.0.5 (check vendor for specific version)
Vendor Advisory: https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-apprain-cmf
Restart Required: No
Instructions:
1. Check appRain CMF version. 2. Update to the latest patched version from the official vendor. 3. Verify the update applied successfully. 4. Test addon management functionality.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Input Validation Filter
allImplement server-side input validation to sanitize 'data[Addon][layouts]' and 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' parameters
Implement input sanitization in /apprain/developer/addons/update/cycle endpoint
Output Encoding
allApply proper output encoding when displaying user-controlled data in web pages
Encode HTML entities for user input before rendering in templates
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Restrict access to the /apprain/developer/addons/update/cycle endpoint to only trusted administrators
- Implement a web application firewall (WAF) with XSS protection rules
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check if running appRain CMF version 4.0.5 by examining version files or admin panelCheck Version:
Check appRain configuration files or admin dashboard for version informationVerify Fix Applied:
Test the addon update functionality with XSS payloads to confirm they are properly sanitized📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual POST requests to /apprain/developer/addons/update/cycle with script tags or JavaScript in parameters
- Multiple failed XSS attempts in web server logs
Network Indicators:
- HTTP requests containing malicious script payloads in 'data[Addon][layouts]' or 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' parameters
SIEM Query:
source="web_server" AND (url_path="/apprain/developer/addons/update/cycle" AND (param="data[Addon][layouts]" OR param="data[Addon][layouts_except]") AND (content="<script>" OR content="javascript:"))