CVE-2025-41050
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker to inject malicious scripts into the appRain CMF system, which are then stored and executed when other users view the affected pages. It affects users of appRain CMF version 4.0.5, particularly those with developer or administrative access who can interact with the addon update functionality. The impact is limited to authenticated sessions but can lead to session hijacking or data theft.
💻 Affected Systems
- appRain CMF
📦 What is this software?
Apprain by Apprain
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
An attacker could steal session cookies, redirect users to malicious sites, or perform actions on behalf of authenticated users, potentially compromising the entire CMF instance.
Likely Case
An authenticated user with malicious intent injects scripts to hijack sessions of other users, leading to unauthorized access or data manipulation within the application.
If Mitigated
With input validation and output encoding in place, the scripts are neutralized, preventing execution and limiting impact to minor data integrity issues.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires authenticated access to the developer addon update feature, making it moderately complex but feasible for insiders or compromised accounts.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Version after 4.0.5 (check vendor for specific version)
Vendor Advisory: https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-apprain-cmf
Restart Required: No
Instructions:
1. Update appRain CMF to the latest patched version as advised by the vendor. 2. Apply the patch to the affected files in /apprain/developer/addons/update/base_libs. 3. Verify that input validation is enforced for the 'data[Addon][layouts]' and 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' parameters.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Input Sanitization
allImplement server-side validation and encoding for user inputs in the affected parameters to prevent script injection.
Modify the base_libs file to sanitize inputs using functions like htmlspecialchars() or similar in PHP.
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Restrict access to the developer addon update feature to only trusted administrators.
- Implement a web application firewall (WAF) to block XSS payloads targeting the vulnerable parameters.
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Review the appRain CMF version in the admin panel or configuration files; if it is 4.0.5, check for unpatched files in /apprain/developer/addons/update/base_libs.Check Version:
Check the appRain CMF version via the admin interface or inspect the application's configuration files for version details.Verify Fix Applied:
After patching, test the affected parameters by attempting to inject scripts and verify they are properly sanitized or blocked.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Look for unusual POST requests to /apprain/developer/addons/update/base_libs with script-like content in the parameters.
Network Indicators:
- Monitor for HTTP requests containing malicious scripts in the 'data[Addon][layouts]' or 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' fields.
SIEM Query:
Example: source="web_logs" AND uri="/apprain/developer/addons/update/base_libs" AND (data CONTAINS "<script>" OR data CONTAINS "javascript:")