CVE-2025-41047
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts into appRain CMF that execute when other users view affected pages. It affects appRain CMF version 4.0.5 users with authenticated access to the developer addon update functionality. The stored XSS can lead to session hijacking, credential theft, or unauthorized actions.
💻 Affected Systems
- appRain CMF
📦 What is this software?
Apprain by Apprain
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Attackers could hijack administrator sessions, steal credentials, deface websites, or perform unauthorized administrative actions leading to complete system compromise.
Likely Case
Attackers with authenticated access inject malicious scripts that execute when administrators or other users view the affected addon management pages, potentially stealing session cookies or performing limited unauthorized actions.
If Mitigated
With proper input validation and output encoding, the vulnerability is prevented, though authenticated users could still attempt injection attempts that would be blocked.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires authenticated access and knowledge of the vulnerable parameters. No public exploit code is currently available.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Version after 4.0.5 (check vendor for specific version)
Vendor Advisory: https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-apprain-cmf
Restart Required: No
Instructions:
1. Check appRain CMF version. 2. Upgrade to latest version from official vendor. 3. Verify the fix by testing the vulnerable endpoint. 4. No restart required for web application.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Input Validation Filter
allImplement server-side input validation for 'data[Addon][layouts]' and 'data[Addon][layouts_except]' parameters to reject malicious scripts
Implement validation in /apprain/developer/addons/update/ace controller
Output Encoding
allApply proper HTML encoding to user-controlled data before rendering in views
Use HTML entity encoding functions in view templates
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Restrict access to /apprain/developer/addons/update/ace endpoint to trusted administrators only
- Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to block XSS payloads in the affected parameters
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Test by submitting script payloads to 'data[Addon][layouts]' parameter at /apprain/developer/addons/update/ace and checking if they execute when viewing the pageCheck Version:
Check appRain CMF version in admin panel or configuration filesVerify Fix Applied:
Attempt the same XSS payloads after patching and verify they are properly sanitized or rejected📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual POST requests to /apprain/developer/addons/update/ace with script tags or JavaScript in parameters
- Multiple failed authentication attempts followed by successful access to developer functions
Network Indicators:
- HTTP requests containing <script> tags or JavaScript in 'data[Addon][layouts]' parameter
- Unusual traffic patterns to developer addon management endpoints
SIEM Query:
source="web_logs" AND uri="/apprain/developer/addons/update/ace" AND (param="data[Addon][layouts]" OR param="data[Addon][layouts_except]") AND (content="<script>" OR content="javascript:")