CVE-2025-41044
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts into appRain CMF pages through the 'data[Page][name]' parameter. When other users view the compromised page, the script executes in their browser context, potentially stealing session cookies or performing unauthorized actions. Only appRain CMF version 4.0.5 installations with authenticated user access are affected.
💻 Affected Systems
- appRain CMF
📦 What is this software?
Apprain by Apprain
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
An authenticated attacker could steal administrator session cookies, gain full administrative control, and potentially pivot to compromise the underlying server or other systems.
Likely Case
Authenticated users with malicious intent could steal other users' session cookies, perform actions on their behalf, or deface website content.
If Mitigated
With proper input validation and output encoding, the malicious scripts would be rendered harmless as text rather than executed code.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires authenticated access to the application. The vulnerability is in the static page creation functionality.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Version after 4.0.5 (check vendor advisory)
Vendor Advisory: https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-apprain-cmf
Restart Required: No
Instructions:
1. Check the vendor advisory for patched version. 2. Backup your current installation. 3. Update appRain CMF to the latest patched version. 4. Verify the fix by testing the vulnerable parameter.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Input Validation Filter
allImplement server-side input validation to sanitize the 'data[Page][name]' parameter before processing.
Output Encoding
allApply proper output encoding when displaying user-controlled content to prevent script execution.
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with XSS protection rules
- Restrict authenticated user permissions to minimize attack surface
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Test by submitting a script payload like <script>alert('XSS')</script> in the 'data[Page][name]' parameter during static page creation.Check Version:
Check appRain CMF version in admin panel or configuration filesVerify Fix Applied:
After patching, attempt the same XSS payload and verify it's properly sanitized or blocked.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual POST requests to /apprain/page/manage-static-pages/create with script tags in parameters
- Multiple failed login attempts followed by page creation requests
Network Indicators:
- HTTP requests containing script tags in POST data to the vulnerable endpoint
SIEM Query:
source="web_logs" AND uri="/apprain/page/manage-static-pages/create" AND (data CONTAINS "<script>" OR data CONTAINS "javascript:")