CVE-2025-41039
📋 TL;DR
This stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in appRain CMF version 4.0.5 allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts through multiple configuration parameters. When exploited, these scripts execute in the context of other users' browsers, potentially compromising their sessions or performing unauthorized actions. Only systems running the vulnerable version are affected.
💻 Affected Systems
- appRain CMF
📦 What is this software?
Apprain by Apprain
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Attackers could steal administrator credentials, perform session hijacking, deface websites, or redirect users to malicious sites, potentially leading to complete system compromise.
Likely Case
Attackers with authenticated access could inject malicious scripts that execute when administrators view configuration pages, potentially stealing session cookies or performing unauthorized administrative actions.
If Mitigated
With proper input validation and output encoding, the malicious scripts would be neutralized, preventing execution and limiting impact to data corruption at worst.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires authenticated access to the admin interface and knowledge of vulnerable parameters.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Version after 4.0.5
Vendor Advisory: https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-apprain-cmf
Restart Required: No
Instructions:
1. Check current appRain CMF version. 2. Upgrade to latest version. 3. Verify fix by testing parameter inputs. 4. Review configuration settings for any malicious entries.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Input Validation Filter
allImplement server-side input validation for all configuration parameters to sanitize user input before processing.
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to block XSS payloads in configuration parameters.
- Restrict admin interface access to trusted IP addresses only using network ACLs.
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check if running appRain CMF version 4.0.5 by examining version files or admin interface footer.Check Version:
Check /apprain/version.txt or admin interface footer for version information.Verify Fix Applied:
After upgrade, attempt to inject test XSS payloads into vulnerable parameters and verify they are properly sanitized.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual POST requests to /apprain/admin/config/opts with script tags in parameters
- Multiple configuration changes from single user session
Network Indicators:
- HTTP requests containing script tags in configuration parameter values
- Unusual outbound connections from admin interface
SIEM Query:
source="web_server" AND uri="/apprain/admin/config/opts" AND (param="data[sconfig][admin_landing_page]" OR param="data[sconfig][currency]" OR param="data[sconfig][db_version]" OR param="data[sconfig][default_pagination]" OR param="data[sconfig][emailsetup_from_email]" OR param="data[sconfig][emailsetup_host]" OR param="data[sconfig][emailsetup_password]" OR param="data[sconfig][emailsetup_port]" OR param="data[sconfig][emailsetup_username]" OR param="data[sconfig][fileresource_id]" OR param="data[sconfig][large_image_height]" OR param="data[sconfig][large_image_width]" OR param="data[sconfig][time_zone_padding]") AND (content="<script>" OR content="javascript:")