CVE-2025-3627
📋 TL;DR
A Moodle vulnerability allows some users to access sensitive student information before identity verification via 2FA is completed. This affects Moodle instances with 2FA enabled where users can access the platform before completing authentication. The vulnerability enables unauthorized information disclosure during the authentication window.
💻 Affected Systems
- Moodle Learning Management System
📦 What is this software?
Moodle by Moodle
Moodle by Moodle
Moodle by Moodle
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Attackers could access sensitive personal information, academic records, or private communications of other students before they complete 2FA verification, potentially leading to privacy violations and data breaches.
Likely Case
Users with legitimate access to the system could inadvertently or intentionally view limited information about other users during the brief authentication window, compromising privacy but not enabling full account takeover.
If Mitigated
With proper access controls and monitoring, impact is limited to temporary information exposure during the authentication process, with no persistent access or system compromise.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires some level of system access and understanding of Moodle's authentication flow; no public exploit code identified in provided references
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Check Red Hat Security Advisory for specific patched versions
Vendor Advisory: https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-3627
Restart Required: No
Instructions:
1. Check Red Hat advisory for affected Moodle versions
2. Apply Moodle security updates from official repositories
3. Verify 2FA authentication flow is properly restricted before verification
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Temporary 2FA Access Restriction
allImplement additional access controls to prevent any user interaction before 2FA verification is fully completed
# Configure Moodle to restrict all user access until 2FA verification is complete
# Review and adjust authentication session handling in Moodle configuration
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement strict access controls to prevent any user data exposure before full authentication
- Monitor authentication logs for unusual access patterns during 2FA verification windows
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Review Moodle version against Red Hat security advisory; test if users can access other student information before completing 2FA verificationCheck Version:
Check Moodle version through admin interface or configuration filesVerify Fix Applied:
Verify that after patching, users cannot access any sensitive information until 2FA verification is fully completed📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual access patterns to student data during authentication phase
- Multiple failed or incomplete 2FA attempts followed by data access
Network Indicators:
- Authentication requests without corresponding 2FA verification completion
SIEM Query:
Search for user sessions accessing student data with authentication status 'pending_2fa' or similar incomplete states