CVE-2025-32061
📋 TL;DR
A stack-based buffer overflow in the Alps Alpine Bluetooth stack of Bosch Infotainment ECUs allows remote code execution with root privileges. Attackers can exploit this by sending a specially crafted L2CAP packet over Bluetooth. Primarily affects 2020 Nissan Leaf ZE1 vehicles with vulnerable infotainment systems.
💻 Affected Systems
- Nissan Leaf ZE1 infotainment system
⚠️ Manual Verification Required
This CVE does not have specific version information in our database, so automatic vulnerability detection cannot determine if your system is affected.
Why? The CVE database entry doesn't specify which versions are vulnerable (no version ranges provided by the vendor/NVD).
🔒 Custom verification scripts are available for registered users. Sign up free to download automated test scripts.
- Review the CVE details at NVD
- Check vendor security advisories for your specific version
- Test if the vulnerability is exploitable in your environment
- Consider updating to the latest version as a precaution
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Complete compromise of the infotainment system with root privileges, potentially enabling vehicle control manipulation, data theft, or persistent backdoor installation.
Likely Case
Infotainment system compromise allowing audio manipulation, GPS tracking, data exfiltration, or disabling of safety features.
If Mitigated
Limited impact if Bluetooth is disabled or the vehicle is not in proximity to attackers.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploit requires proximity Bluetooth access and knowledge of specific L2CAP packet crafting. Public research paper demonstrates exploitation.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Unknown
Vendor Advisory: https://www.nissan.co.uk/vehicles/new-vehicles/leaf.html
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Contact Nissan dealership for firmware update availability. 2. Schedule service appointment. 3. Technician will apply ECU firmware update. 4. Verify Bluetooth functionality post-update.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Disable Bluetooth
allPrevents exploitation by disabling the vulnerable Bluetooth interface
Navigate to infotainment settings > Connectivity > Bluetooth > Turn OFF
Limit Bluetooth Visibility
allSet Bluetooth to non-discoverable mode to reduce attack surface
Navigate to infotainment settings > Connectivity > Bluetooth Visibility > Hidden
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Park vehicle in secure garage when not in use to limit Bluetooth proximity attacks
- Regularly monitor for unusual infotainment behavior or unexpected Bluetooth connections
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check vehicle manufacturing date and infotainment system version via dealership diagnostic toolsCheck Version:
Requires dealership OBD-II diagnostic tool connectionVerify Fix Applied:
Verify with dealership that latest Bosch/Alps Alpine firmware has been applied to ECU📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual Bluetooth connection attempts
- Infotainment system crash logs
- Unexpected process execution
Network Indicators:
- Malformed L2CAP packets over Bluetooth
- Suspicious Bluetooth MAC addresses in proximity
SIEM Query:
Not applicable for automotive systems without enterprise monitoring