CVE-2025-31129
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability in Jooby's pac4j SessionStoreImpl module allows remote code execution through insecure deserialization of untrusted session data. Attackers can exploit this to execute arbitrary code on affected servers. All applications using vulnerable versions of Jooby with pac4j integration are affected.
💻 Affected Systems
- Jooby web framework with pac4j integration
⚠️ Manual Verification Required
This CVE does not have specific version information in our database, so automatic vulnerability detection cannot determine if your system is affected.
Why? The CVE database entry doesn't specify which versions are vulnerable (no version ranges provided by the vendor/NVD).
🔒 Custom verification scripts are available for registered users. Sign up free to download automated test scripts.
- Review the CVE details at NVD
- Check vendor security advisories for your specific version
- Test if the vulnerability is exploitable in your environment
- Consider updating to the latest version as a precaution
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Full server compromise allowing arbitrary code execution, data theft, and lateral movement within the network.
Likely Case
Remote code execution leading to application compromise, data exfiltration, and potential ransomware deployment.
If Mitigated
Limited impact if proper network segmentation and least privilege principles are implemented, though RCE is still possible.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires ability to manipulate session data, which typically requires some level of access or session hijacking capability.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Jooby 2.17.0 (2.x branch) or Jooby 3.7.0 (3.x branch)
Vendor Advisory: https://github.com/jooby-project/jooby/security/advisories/GHSA-7c5v-895v-w4q5
Restart Required: No
Instructions:
1. Update pom.xml or build.gradle to use Jooby 2.17.0+ or 3.7.0+. 2. Run dependency update command (mvn clean install or gradle build). 3. Deploy updated application.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Disable pac4j session store
allTemporarily disable or remove pac4j session store usage until patching is possible
Modify application configuration to use alternative session management
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement network segmentation to isolate vulnerable applications from critical systems
- Deploy web application firewall with deserialization attack detection rules
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check pom.xml or build.gradle for jooby-pac4j dependency version. If using Jooby 2.x < 2.17.0 or 3.x < 3.7.0 with pac4j, you are vulnerable.Check Version:
mvn dependency:tree | grep jooby-pac4j OR gradle dependencies | grep jooby-pac4jVerify Fix Applied:
Verify jooby-pac4j dependency version is 2.17.0+ (2.x) or 3.7.0+ (3.x) in build configuration files.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Java deserialization errors in logs
- Unexpected ClassNotFoundException or NoClassDefFoundError related to session objects
- Suspicious network connections from application server
Network Indicators:
- Unusual outbound connections from application server
- Large serialized objects in HTTP sessions
SIEM Query:
source="application.logs" AND ("deserialization" OR "ClassNotFoundException" OR "NoClassDefFoundError") AND process="java"🔗 References
- https://github.com/jooby-project/jooby/blob/v2.x/modules/jooby-pac4j/src/main/java/io/jooby/internal/pac4j/SessionStoreImpl.java#L39-L45
- https://github.com/jooby-project/jooby/blob/v3.6.1/modules/jooby-pac4j/src/main/java/io/jooby/internal/pac4j/SessionStoreImpl.java#L77-L84
- https://github.com/jooby-project/jooby/commit/3e13562cf36d7407813eae464e0f4b598de15692
- https://github.com/jooby-project/jooby/security/advisories/GHSA-7c5v-895v-w4q5
