CVE-2025-28408
📋 TL;DR
A privilege escalation vulnerability in RUoYi v.4.8.0 allows remote attackers to gain elevated privileges by exploiting improper validation of the deptId parameter in the selectDeptTree method. This affects all systems running the vulnerable version of RUoYi, potentially enabling attackers to compromise administrative functions.
💻 Affected Systems
- RUoYi
📦 What is this software?
Ruoyi by Ruoyi
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Complete system takeover with administrative privileges, allowing data exfiltration, system modification, and lateral movement within the network.
Likely Case
Unauthorized privilege escalation leading to unauthorized access to sensitive administrative functions and data.
If Mitigated
Limited impact with proper input validation and access controls in place, potentially preventing successful exploitation.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires some level of access but is straightforward once initial access is obtained.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: v.4.8.1 or later
Vendor Advisory: https://github.com/yangzongzhuan/RuoYi
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Backup current installation. 2. Update to RUoYi v.4.8.1 or later from the official repository. 3. Restart the application server. 4. Verify the fix is applied.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Input Validation Enhancement
allImplement strict input validation for the deptId parameter to prevent malicious values.
Modify selectDeptTree method to validate deptId against allowed values
Access Control Restriction
allRestrict access to the /selectDeptTree/{deptId} endpoint to authorized users only.
Configure application firewall rules to limit endpoint access
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement network segmentation to isolate RUoYi systems from critical infrastructure
- Deploy web application firewall (WAF) with rules to detect and block exploitation attempts
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check RUoYi version in application configuration or via version endpoint; if version is 4.8.0, system is vulnerable.Check Version:
Check application configuration file or use version API endpoint if available.Verify Fix Applied:
After patching, verify version is 4.8.1 or later and test the selectDeptTree endpoint with malicious inputs to ensure proper validation.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual access patterns to /selectDeptTree endpoint
- Multiple failed privilege escalation attempts
- Suspicious deptId parameter values
Network Indicators:
- HTTP requests to /selectDeptTree/{deptId} with unusual parameter values
- Traffic spikes to administrative endpoints
SIEM Query:
source="ruoyi_logs" AND (uri="/selectDeptTree" OR deptId="*malicious*")