CVE-2025-27407
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability in graphql-ruby allows remote code execution when loading malicious schema definitions via GraphQL introspection. Systems that load schemas from untrusted sources using GraphQL::Schema.from_introspection or GraphQL::Schema::Loader.load are affected. This includes applications using GraphQL::Client to load external schemas.
💻 Affected Systems
- graphql-ruby
⚠️ Manual Verification Required
This CVE does not have specific version information in our database, so automatic vulnerability detection cannot determine if your system is affected.
Why? The CVE database entry doesn't specify which versions are vulnerable (no version ranges provided by the vendor/NVD).
🔒 Custom verification scripts are available for registered users. Sign up free to download automated test scripts.
- Review the CVE details at NVD
- Check vendor security advisories for your specific version
- Test if the vulnerability is exploitable in your environment
- Consider updating to the latest version as a precaution
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Full server compromise allowing attacker to execute arbitrary code, access sensitive data, and pivot to other systems.
Likely Case
Remote code execution leading to data theft, service disruption, or lateral movement within the network.
If Mitigated
Limited impact if schema loading is restricted to trusted sources only.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires loading a malicious schema, which can be achieved through GraphQL introspection endpoints accessible to attackers.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: 1.11.8, 1.12.25, 1.13.24, 2.0.32, 2.1.14, 2.2.17, 2.3.21
Vendor Advisory: https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/security/advisories
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Update Gemfile to use patched version. 2. Run 'bundle update graphql'. 3. Restart application server.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Disable untrusted schema loading
allPrevent loading schemas from untrusted sources by disabling GraphQL introspection or restricting schema loading endpoints.
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Restrict access to GraphQL introspection endpoints to trusted sources only.
- Implement network segmentation to isolate GraphQL services from sensitive systems.
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check Gemfile.lock for graphql version within affected ranges.Check Version:
bundle show graphqlVerify Fix Applied:
Verify graphql version in Gemfile.lock matches patched versions.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual schema loading requests
- Errors from GraphQL::Schema.from_introspection
Network Indicators:
- GraphQL introspection queries from untrusted sources
SIEM Query:
source="application.log" AND "GraphQL::Schema.from_introspection" AND error🔗 References
- https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2025/03/12/patch-release-gitlab-17-9-2-released
- https://github.com/github-community-projects/graphql-client
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/28233b16c0eb9d0fb7808f4980e061dc7507c4cd
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/2d2f4ed1f79472f8eed29c864b039649e1de238f
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/5c5a7b9a9bdce143be048074aea50edb7bb747be
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/6eca16b9fa553aa957099a30dbde64ddcdac52ca
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/d0963289e0dab4ea893bbecf12bb7d89294957bb
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/d1117ae0361d9ed67e0795b07f5c3e98e62f3c7c
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/commit/e3b33ace05391da2871c75ab4d3b66e29133b367
- https://github.com/rmosolgo/graphql-ruby/security/advisories/GHSA-q92j-grw3-h492
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00002.html
