CVE-2025-12899
📋 TL;DR
A vulnerability in Zephyr's network stack allows specially crafted IPv4 packets with ICMP type 128 to be incorrectly processed as ICMPv6 Echo Requests, leading to out-of-bounds memory reads. This creates an information leak risk where attackers could potentially read sensitive memory contents. This affects systems running vulnerable versions of Zephyr RTOS with networking enabled.
💻 Affected Systems
- Zephyr RTOS
⚠️ Manual Verification Required
This CVE does not have specific version information in our database, so automatic vulnerability detection cannot determine if your system is affected.
Why? The CVE database entry doesn't specify which versions are vulnerable (no version ranges provided by the vendor/NVD).
🔒 Custom verification scripts are available for registered users. Sign up free to download automated test scripts.
- Review the CVE details at NVD
- Check vendor security advisories for your specific version
- Test if the vulnerability is exploitable in your environment
- Consider updating to the latest version as a precaution
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Attackers could read sensitive memory contents including cryptographic keys, credentials, or other confidential data from the device's memory, potentially leading to complete system compromise.
Likely Case
Information disclosure where attackers can read portions of device memory, potentially exposing sensitive data or system state information.
If Mitigated
Limited information disclosure with no direct code execution, though leaked data could enable further attacks.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires network access to send specially crafted packets. No authentication required.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: v3.7.2 and later
Vendor Advisory: https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-c2vg-hj83-c2vg
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Update Zephyr RTOS to version 3.7.2 or later. 2. Rebuild your application with the updated Zephyr version. 3. Deploy the updated firmware to affected devices. 4. Restart devices to apply the fix.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Disable ICMP processing
allDisable ICMP packet processing in the network stack to prevent exploitation
CONFIG_ICMP=n in prj.conf or Kconfig
Network filtering
linuxBlock ICMP type 128 packets at network perimeter
iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type 128 -j DROP
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement network segmentation to isolate vulnerable devices
- Deploy network intrusion detection systems to monitor for exploitation attempts
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check Zephyr version: if using version < 3.7.2 with networking enabled, system is vulnerableCheck Version:
Check Zephyr version in west.yml or CMakeLists.txt filesVerify Fix Applied:
Verify Zephyr version is 3.7.2 or later and rebuild application with updated version📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unexpected ICMP type 128 packets
- Network stack errors or crashes
- Memory access violation logs
Network Indicators:
- ICMP type 128 packets to Zephyr devices
- Unusual ICMPv6 traffic patterns
SIEM Query:
source_ip sends icmp.type=128 to destination_ip running_zephyr