CVE-2025-11093
📋 TL;DR
This CVE describes an arbitrary code execution vulnerability in WSO2 integration products where authenticated users with elevated privileges (administrators in WSO2 Micro/Enterprise Integrator, administrators and API creators in WSO2 API Manager) can execute arbitrary code through the GraalJS and NashornJS Script Mediator engines. This could allow trusted-but-privileged users to compromise the integration runtime environment and perform unauthorized actions.
💻 Affected Systems
- WSO2 Micro Integrator
- WSO2 Enterprise Integrator
- WSO2 API Manager
📦 What is this software?
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Complete compromise of the integration environment, data exfiltration, lateral movement to connected systems, and persistent backdoor installation.
Likely Case
Privileged users abusing their access to execute unauthorized code, potentially leading to data manipulation, service disruption, or credential theft.
If Mitigated
Limited impact due to proper access controls, monitoring, and network segmentation restricting what compromised accounts can access.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation requires authenticated access with elevated privileges. The vulnerability is in scripting engines that privileged users can access.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Check vendor advisory for specific product versions
Vendor Advisory: https://security.docs.wso2.com/en/latest/security-announcements/security-advisories/2025/WSO2-2025-4510/
Restart Required: Yes
Instructions:
1. Review the vendor advisory for specific patch versions for your WSO2 product. 2. Apply the security patch following WSO2's standard update procedures. 3. Restart the affected services.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Restrict Script Mediator Access
allTemporarily disable or restrict access to GraalJS and NashornJS Script Mediator engines for non-essential users.
Modify WSO2 configuration files to remove or comment out Script Mediator engine configurations
Implement Least Privilege
allReview and reduce elevated privileges for users who don't require access to scripting engines.
Review user roles in WSO2 management console and remove unnecessary Script Mediator permissions
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement strict network segmentation to isolate WSO2 integration environments from sensitive systems
- Enhance monitoring and alerting for suspicious script execution activities in integration flows
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check if your WSO2 product version is listed as vulnerable in the vendor advisory and verify if Script Mediator engines are enabled.Check Version:
Check WSO2 product documentation for version check commands specific to your deployment (typically in logs or management console).Verify Fix Applied:
Verify that the applied patch version matches or exceeds the fixed version specified in the vendor advisory and test that Script Mediator functionality works only as intended.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual script execution patterns in integration mediator logs
- Script Mediator usage from unexpected user accounts or IP addresses
Network Indicators:
- Unexpected outbound connections from WSO2 servers following script execution
SIEM Query:
Search for 'Script Mediator' or 'GraalJS'/'NashornJS' execution events in WSO2 logs with unusual frequency or from unauthorized users.