CVE-2025-10775
📋 TL;DR
This CVE describes an OS command injection vulnerability in Wavlink WL-NU516U1 routers that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands on affected devices. Attackers can exploit this by manipulating the 'ipaddr' parameter in the login.cgi endpoint. All users of the affected router model with the vulnerable firmware are at risk.
💻 Affected Systems
- Wavlink WL-NU516U1
📦 What is this software?
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Complete device compromise allowing attacker to install persistent backdoors, pivot to internal networks, or use device for botnet activities.
Likely Case
Unauthorized command execution leading to device configuration changes, credential theft, or denial of service.
If Mitigated
Limited impact if network segmentation prevents router access from untrusted networks.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploit code is publicly available on GitHub. Attack requires network access to the router's web interface.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: Unknown
Vendor Advisory: None available
Restart Required: No
Instructions:
No official patch available. Vendor has not responded to disclosure. Consider replacing device or implementing workarounds.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
Network Segmentation
allIsolate the router from untrusted networks and restrict access to management interface.
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -s trusted_network -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j DROP
Disable Web Interface
linuxDisable the vulnerable CGI endpoint if not required for operation.
chmod 000 /cgi-bin/login.cgi
rm /cgi-bin/login.cgi
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Replace affected device with a different model that receives security updates
- Implement strict network access controls to limit who can reach the router's management interface
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Check firmware version via web interface at http://router-ip/status.cgi or SSH if enabled. Look for version 240425.Check Version:
curl -s http://router-ip/status.cgi | grep -i versionVerify Fix Applied:
Test the vulnerable endpoint with safe payloads: curl 'http://router-ip/cgi-bin/login.cgi?ipaddr=127.0.0.1;echo test'📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- Unusual commands in system logs
- Multiple failed login attempts followed by command execution patterns
Network Indicators:
- HTTP requests to /cgi-bin/login.cgi with shell metacharacters in parameters
- Outbound connections from router to unexpected destinations
SIEM Query:
source="router_logs" AND (uri="/cgi-bin/login.cgi" AND query CONTAINS ";" OR "|" OR "`")