CVE-2025-1025 – CVE-2025-1025 is an arbitrary file upload vulne... (How to Fix)

📋 TL;DR

CVE-2025-1025 is an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in Cockpit CMS where attackers can bypass upload filters using different file extensions. This allows malicious file uploads that could lead to remote code execution. All installations using cockpit-hq/cockpit versions before 2.4.1 are affected.

💻 Affected Systems

Products:

cockpit-hq/cockpit

Versions: All versions before 2.4.1

Operating Systems: All operating systems running PHP

Default Config Vulnerable: ⚠️ Yes

Notes: Vulnerability exists in default configuration when file upload functionality is enabled.

⚠️ Manual Verification Required

This CVE does not have specific version information in our database, so automatic vulnerability detection cannot determine if your system is affected.

Why? The CVE database entry doesn't specify which versions are vulnerable (no version ranges provided by the vendor/NVD).

🔒 Custom verification scripts are available for registered users. Sign up free to download automated test scripts.

Recommended Actions:

Review the CVE details at NVD
Check vendor security advisories for your specific version
Test if the vulnerability is exploitable in your environment
Consider updating to the latest version as a precaution

⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact

🔴

Worst Case

Remote code execution leading to complete system compromise, data theft, and lateral movement within the network.

🟠

Likely Case

Webshell deployment allowing persistent access, file manipulation, and potential privilege escalation.

🟢

If Mitigated

File uploads blocked or sanitized, preventing malicious file execution while maintaining legitimate upload functionality.

🌐 Internet-Facing: HIGH - Internet-facing Cockpit instances are directly exploitable without authentication.

🏢 Internal Only: MEDIUM - Internal instances require network access but remain vulnerable to authenticated or internal attackers.

🎯 Exploit Status

Public PoC: ✅ No

Weaponized: UNKNOWN

Unauthenticated Exploit: ✅ No

Complexity: MEDIUM

Exploitation requires understanding of file extension bypass techniques but no authentication is needed for file upload endpoints.

🛠️ Fix & Mitigation

✅ Official Fix

Patch Version: 2.4.1

Vendor Advisory: https://github.com/Cockpit-HQ/Cockpit/commit/984ef9ad270357b843af63c81db95178eae42cae

Restart Required: No

Instructions:

1. Update cockpit-hq/cockpit to version 2.4.1 or later via Composer: composer require cockpit-hq/cockpit:^2.4.1
2. Clear application cache if applicable
3. Verify the fix by testing file upload functionality

🔧 Temporary Workarounds

Disable file uploads

all

Temporarily disable file upload functionality in Cockpit configuration

Edit config/config.php and set 'uploads' => false

Implement web application firewall rules

all

Block suspicious file upload patterns at the WAF level

🧯 If You Can't Patch

Implement strict file extension validation at the application layer
Store uploaded files outside web root and serve via secure proxy

🔍 How to Verify

Check if Vulnerable:

Check Composer.json or installed packages for cockpit-hq/cockpit version <2.4.1

Check Version:

composer show cockpit-hq/cockpit | grep versions

Verify Fix Applied:

Verify cockpit-hq/cockpit version is 2.4.1 or higher via composer show cockpit-hq/cockpit

📡 Detection & Monitoring

Log Indicators:

Multiple failed upload attempts with different extensions
Successful uploads of unusual file types (.php, .phtml, .phar)

Network Indicators:

POST requests to upload endpoints with suspicious file extensions
Unusual outbound connections from web server

SIEM Query:

source="web_logs" AND (uri_path="/api/upload" OR uri_path="/cockpit/api/upload") AND (file_extension="php" OR file_extension="phtml" OR file_extension="phar")

📊 Metadata

CVE ID: CVE-2025-1025

CVSS v3 Score: 7.5 (HIGH)

CVSS Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CWE: CWE-434

EPSS Score: 6.61% exploit probability (91th percentile)

Published: February 5, 2025

Last Updated: February 5, 2025

🔗 References

📤 Share & Export

📄 Export Markdown 📋 Export JSON

🔗 Related Vulnerabilities

If you're affected by CVE-2025-1025, you might also want to check these: