CVE-2024-48931
📋 TL;DR
This vulnerability allows authenticated users of ZimaOS to read arbitrary files on the system by manipulating the 'files' parameter in the API endpoint. Attackers can access sensitive files like /etc/shadow containing password hashes, potentially leading to privilege escalation. All ZimaOS users running version 1.2.4 or earlier are affected.
💻 Affected Systems
- ZimaOS
📦 What is this software?
Zimaos by Zimaspace
⚠️ Risk & Real-World Impact
Worst Case
Full system compromise through password hash extraction leading to privilege escalation, lateral movement, and complete control of the ZimaOS device and connected systems.
Likely Case
Unauthorized access to sensitive configuration files, password hashes, and system data leading to credential theft and potential privilege escalation.
If Mitigated
Limited impact if proper network segmentation and access controls prevent unauthorized users from reaching the API endpoint.
🎯 Exploit Status
Exploitation is straightforward - simply modify the 'files' parameter in the API request. A YouTube demonstration video is publicly available.
🛠️ Fix & Mitigation
✅ Official Fix
Patch Version: None available
Vendor Advisory: https://github.com/IceWhaleTech/ZimaOS/security/advisories/GHSA-hjw2-9gq5-qgwj
Restart Required: No
Instructions:
No official patch available. Monitor the ZimaOS GitHub repository for security updates and apply when released.
🔧 Temporary Workarounds
API Endpoint Restriction
linuxRestrict access to the vulnerable API endpoint using network controls or web application firewall rules.
# Use iptables to block access to the API port
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport <ZIMA_PORT> -j DROP
# Alternative: Allow only specific IPs
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport <ZIMA_PORT> -s <TRUSTED_IP> -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport <ZIMA_PORT> -j DROP
Application Layer Filtering
linuxImplement input validation at the application layer or reverse proxy to sanitize file path parameters.
# Example nginx configuration to block malicious requests
location /v3/file {
if ($args ~* "\.\.") {
return 403;
}
# Additional validation rules
}
🧯 If You Can't Patch
- Implement strict network segmentation to isolate ZimaOS systems from critical infrastructure
- Enforce principle of least privilege for user accounts and regularly rotate credentials
🔍 How to Verify
Check if Vulnerable:
Test by making an authenticated API request to http://<Zima_Server_IP:PORT>/v3/file?token=<valid_token>&files=/etc/shadow and checking if the shadow file contents are returned.Check Version:
Check ZimaOS version through web interface or system documentation. No standard CLI command provided by vendor.Verify Fix Applied:
After applying workarounds or future patches, repeat the test request to confirm access to sensitive files is blocked.📡 Detection & Monitoring
Log Indicators:
- API requests to /v3/file with unusual file paths like /etc/shadow, /etc/passwd, or paths containing ../ sequences
- Multiple failed authentication attempts followed by successful API access
Network Indicators:
- Unusual outbound connections from ZimaOS system after API exploitation
- Traffic patterns showing sequential file access attempts through the API
SIEM Query:
source="zimaos_logs" AND uri_path="/v3/file" AND (query_parameters CONTAINS "/etc/shadow" OR query_parameters CONTAINS "../")